We are living in the period of transition. The period of transition means that a historical system is moving into another system because of the internal limitation at which it can no longer resolve its own problems within the system. Immanuel Wallerstein, a representative thinker of the modern world-system analysis, says that our age is approaching a crucial crisis in which the downward curve of one cycle starting after 1945 is combined with the crisis of the larger system going on during the last 500 years, to cause a situation with contradictions and problems irresolvable within the framework of the system. He predicts that this period of transition will be not only a period of great struggle, of great uncertainty, but also of great questioning about the structures of knowledge. So the modern structure of knowledge based upon the dominant values of progress, technology development, and science, is led to a uncertain condition and comes to face serious challenges. In particular, this structure of knowledge has played essential roles in eliminating the previous various knowledges and belief systems and marginalizing them in the hierarchy of knowledge. But the period of uncertainty and transition can be a period of opportunity to create a new structure of knowledge. This article seeks to argue for the restoration of cultural ecology through the decolonization of colonized and subjected knowledges by the modern structure of knowledge.