This paper is a study of the moral and desirable leadership of the Confucian philosopher, Mencius. The theory that human nature is fundamentally good is the basis of Mencius theory. According to Mencius, human nature is a moral universality as a possible basis for human beings that only human beings have, and it is a branch line because it embodies the virtues of humanity, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom. These four virtues(四德) are expressed as the mind of four clues(四端) of compassion(惻隱), to be ashamed and hated(羞惡), condescension(辭讓), and right and wrong(是非). Therefore, the true leadership of human beings is based on human nature, and it is the basis for any human being to become a leader. Mencius' leadership is based on human self-reliance, and what has come from this is true leadership. Human nature-based self-discipline becomes an indispensable condition of Mencius leadership. Therefore, Mencius emphasizes the cultivation to keep in mind and cultivate human beings(存心 養性), a method of preserving and expanding the good nature and good clues of Heaven. He also says, If you win the heart, you will gain the people, and if you win the heart, you will gain the world. He said, Cheerful obedience(心服) and gaining heart(得心) that wins the heart are possible through inherent virtue, not external and violent force or prestige, and if you nurture people with good will, you will be able to obey the world. In Mencius, the virtues of benevolence, wisdom and respect in the love of one s people; to rule one s people; to respect one's people are key elements of leadership that can be desirable. The leadership of benevolence, expressed through compassion, is key to the leader s preservation of his arms and legs(四肢), as well as to keep his royal shrine(宗廟) and royal court(社稷), and bring peace to the world. In addition, the leadership of wisdom can make clear and secure the humane values of benevolence and righteousness, and can further exercise its scale and rule as a moderate variant. And the leadership of respect, which is self-rule, can make others comfortable with the basis of humanity, and make all the people comfortable. In this regard, the Mencius leadership theory can be called moral leadership . The desirable leaders that Mencius seeks to pursue are saints, noble men, and great men. A saint is the supreme embodiment of benevolence and righteousness morality(仁義道德) as a symbol of the most ideal leader. In addition, a noble man is a person who personally or socially embodies the moral virtues of benevolence, righteousness and propriety as a leader of personality standards. Mencius thought of the great man as an ideal object that people could achieve with discipline. The great man is the standard human figure of Mencius, which is referred to by the character of benevolence, propriety, and righteousness.